The movement of youth from rural northern ghana to the south has been a recurrent research focus. Almost one in every five people born in northern ghana is. Ghana geography, climate and population ghana is situated on the west coast of africa with a total area of 238 540 km2. The phenomenon of independent child migration in ghana in the context of a globalised world.
The preparation of this guide on the use of migration data in ghana, initiated under the rabat process, is a very laudable idea that goes to enhance migration and development in the country. Europeans on the west coast from the 1400s onwards disrupted the then existing northsouth movement of people and goods. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Migration in ghana migration in ghana iom publications. Paper presented at the international conference on environment, forced migration and social. Xenophobia, international migration and development. Ghanaian migration has increasingly become extraregional. Finally, northsouth migration should not be seen as detracting from the potential development of northern ghana.
Northsouth migration and remittances in ghana core. Tackling poverty in northern ghana english the world bank. Bridging the north south divide in ghana world bank. Prepared for the world development report 2009 kate higgins summary. The same argument could also he made about southsouth migration w ith the adden dum that migration hetween developing countries has human development impacts on both countries of origin and destination. Causes of southsouth migration and its socioeconomic. If environmental degradation is a prime driver of migration, then one would have expected to see an increase in migration at the time of the great sahelian droughts of the 1970s and 1980s. Internal migration and rural service provision in northern ghana. In ghana, three regions upper west, upper east and northern have the highest proportion of voluntary. Two in five current residents in the greater accra region migrated from one of ghana s other nine regions, and interregional migration is expected to continue as ghana s economy grows ghana statistical service, june 20. The main external risk is the negative impact on economic growth and the balance of payments from weaker commodity prices and foreign inflows that could result from a deeper global slowdown. This paper revisits the old north south migration discourse in ghana by focusing on nandom youth migrants in accra. Surprisingly, this was rather a period of reduced out migration from northern ghana. This paper revisits the old northsouth migration discourse in ghana by focusing on nandom youth migrants in accra.
The general objective of this study is to explore the gendered strategies of migrants from northern to southern ghana through social networks for the. They were mainly from shanglin county, an area of alluvial gold mining. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of north. Almost one in every five people born in northern ghana is living in. The comprehensive policy will guide the management of the countrys internal, intraregional and international migration flows. Introduction in the words of mansell prothero, migration movements have been a feature of africa in the past and are one of its most important demographical features at the present day anarfi. Oct 17, 2007 given the extreme poverty in many lowincome countries, substantial migration flows also occur among lowincome countries of different income levels.
Ghanas capital, accra, is one of the fastest growing cities in west africa african development bank group, 2014. Minors under 18 years formed 40% of the refugees from liberia and togo unhcr, 2008. Drivers of northsouth migration in the wa west district. Research paper on migration conducted by leila ezzarqui, senior research officer, alliance of civilizations secretariat, united nations, new york based on a background research report prepared by yasemin soysal, university of essex this paper was prepared by the alliance of civilizations secretariat for consideration by the highlevel group. Ghana states parties to united nations legal instruments year ratified. Regional inequality and secondary education in ghana. Project muse local perceptions of migration from north.
Ghana, i explore the role of social norms in shaping migration and remittance behavior in. Economic returns, migrants subculture, northsouth migration, ghana. On the one hand, we look at two environmental drivers of migration. Perhaps the situation of migration in ghana manifests all the types of human movements that i have outlined above.
Northsouth independent child migration flows in ghana have gained increasing political and. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of north south migration in ghana see figure 3. Northsouth migration and remittances in ghana african. For the first time in the history of ghana, the government of ghana has formulated a comprehensive national migration policy nmp to help manage its internal, intraregional and international migration flows for poverty reduction and sustained national development. Climate change and migration in northern ghana springerlink. Deccma working paper, deltas, vulnerability and climate change. Consider, for example, migration from burkina faso, mali, and niger to cote divoire and ghana, and from bangladesh and nepal to india. Ghana formally launched a national policy on migration and an implementation plan in accra on 5 april 2016 with support from iom. It looks at the entry from the mid2000s of approximately 50,000 chinese migrants into the smallscale gold mining sector. Assessing livelihood status of migrants from northern ghana. Causes of southsouth migration and its socioeconomic effects. The nexus of female capital and northsouth labor migration. It is against this background that ghanas migration profile has been prepared to highlight the movements within, from and into the country.
More recently, however, a new dominant northsouth migration stream has emerged. Studies of migration in ghana exploring its patterns, determinants, and impacts on welfare and povertydate back to the 1960s. Traditionally, north south migration in ghana was largely maledominated, long term and longdistance. This article is published with open access at abstract in ghana, studies on migration and livelihoods are mostly limited to migrants places of origin. When it comes to sap hana migration, not every organization has the time or resources to research, build, integrate, and deploy a new it foundation themselves. The high level of migration of people from northern to southern ghana is rooted in historical antecedents. Internal migration and rural service provision in northern. He is a specialist in workers education and capacity building.
Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Steep increase in the number of asylum seekers from. Local perceptions of migration from northwest ghana. Independent northsouth child migration as a parental investment in northern ghana. According to 2008 estimates, ghanaian migrants can be found in more than 33 countries around the world. The issue of northsouth youth migration is particularly important to ghana because of the long tradition of population mobility and high rates of ruralurban migration and in recent times child migration that has characterised migration patterns in the country hashim, 2005. A disaggregation of data in three principle migration systems shows stronger correlations.
Previous studies on child migration focused mainly on boys as well as on big cities like accra and kumasi. Two in five current residents in the greater accra region migrated from one of ghanas other nine regions, and interregional migration is expected to continue as ghanas economy grows ghana statistical service, june 20. We use direct and indirect techniques to analyse the patterns, trends, and determinants of contemporary female migration. Assessing livelihood status of migrants from northern ghana resident in the obuasi municipality augustine tanle published online. This article explores the role access to capital plays in the labor relocat. The country has a northsouth extent of about 670 km and a maximum eastwest extent of about 560 km. Pdf southsouth migration in west africa jason gagnon.
The history of migration in ghana there is a long history of migration both internal and international in ghana peil, 1974. Net flows of less than 40,000 people are excluded from the figure. This brief explores the education dimensions of spatial inequality in ghana and examines the model secondary schools policy, which was recently adopted by the government of ghana gog in an attempt to. Our comparative analyses are the first to exploit national data from the 2000 and 2010 censuses to understand gendered dimensions of migration in ghana. A survey on migration policies in west africa second edition prepared by the international centre for migration policy development, vienna austria and the international organization for migration regional office for west and central africa, dakar senegal. However, women migrating southnorth are increasing in numbers, women being more in demand in almost all the social occupations. Until 2008, ghana remained host to the fourthlargest population of asylum seekers and refugees in the region iom, 2009. Part 1 of this series examined data on southsouth migration and southsouth remittances in part 2, the focus is on why migrants from one developing country go to another developing country, and what kinds of socioeconomic effects such movements. The phenomenon of female headload portaging in the large commercial cities of southern ghana has become a social canker.
This paper examines the dynamics of northsouth migration of the youth and resulting remittances in ghana using accra and kumasi as study areas. Thats why many businesses partner with another vendor to help ensure their strategy is successful download this white paper to learn how. Pdf this paper revisits the old northsouth migration discourse in ghana by focusing on nandom youth. It explores the perspectives of resident nandom youth migrants in accra with emphasis on three key issues, namely perception, predisposing factors and impacts of their southern migration project on the nandom community. Tackling poverty in northern ghana english abstract. In addition, migrant hometown associations htas and private sector initiatives have been developing quickly in response to the increase in immigration. Migration is very common in ghana, with at least one migrant in more than 43 percent of all households in 200506. He also has expertise and interest in labour migration. However, the contact with europeans created new patterns of movement, first through slave trade and later colonisation, within the subregion and with the. The government, through the wa west district assembly, the savanna accelerated development authority sada and other development partners should rigorously promote socioeconomic development in the north to reduce outmigration in the wwd.
The integration of immigrants in ghana is an interesting aspect of south south migration, as immigration to ghana from neighbouring west african countries is significant and increasing. This paper examines the dynamics of north south migration of the youth and resulting remittances in ghana using accra and kumasi as study areas. The perception of greater availability of socioeconomic opportunities in. Bridging the north south divide in ghana draft summary the intractability of regional inequality in ghana regional inequality is significant. North south migration is potentially a strong instrument for poverty alleviation. Jan 07, 2015 in short, migration is a call for both a policy and programme response at all levels of governance. Interviews with 203 migrant farmers suggest that migration from the north to the south is, to a large extent, environmentally induced. The map shows that the migration stream from northern ghana to the. Finally, north south migration should not be seen as detracting from the potential development of northern ghana.
Liberians accounted for 77% of refugees in ghana in 2007 iom, 2009. Awareness of the decisionmaking processes that lie behind the northsouth independent migration of children would constitute an important basis for the formulation of informed and. This broad theoretical framework is useful to look at the case of ghanas northern regions. Labor migration among the dagaaba of the upper west region of. This article explores the role access to capital plays in the labor relocation of women from northern to southern ghana to engage in street headload portaging, with the goal of examining the potential of microfinance to reverse this trend. Although the majority of ghanaian emigrants 71% still stay within west africa, a. In this paper we present an analysis of migration and vegetation dynamics for one country ghana to assess four migrationenvironment linkages. Although the majority of ghanaian emigrants still stay within west africa, a growing proportion is migrating to a diverse range of countries outside the region. However, this research focuses on techiman town which serves as a transit town between resourcedeprived northern parts of ghana and the southern parts where migrants are usually destined. This paper therefore assesses livelihood status of permanent migrants resident in the obuasi municipality who hail from the northern parts of ghana. A country profile 2009 9 foreword over the past three years, iom has prepared migration profiles for 32 countries in different parts of the world, including eastern europe, the black sea region, south america, and africa. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of northsouth migration in ghana.
Independent child migration from northern ghana to techiman. Ghana s success story in poverty reduction is the success story of its south. Twenty years of rapid economic development in ghana has done little, if anything, to reduce the historical north, south divide in standards of living. The issue of north south youth migration is particularly important to ghana because of the long tradition of population mobility and high rates of ruralurban migration and in recent times child migration that has characterised migration patterns in the country hashim, 2005. Northsouth migration to developing countries frank laczko head, migration research division, international organization for migration european migration network conference, dublin, june 14. The general objective of this study is to explore the gendered strategies of migrants from northern to southern ghana through social networks for the purpose of gaining access to the informal economy. Development research centre on migration, globalisation and poverty, university of sussex working paper t29. In ghana, rural urban migration has been a major contributor to urban population. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of northsouth migration in ghana. Though ghana net migration rate fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 1970 2015 period ending at 0.
Northsouth migration, has been an important direction of flow in ghana and indeed the. On the other hand, we look at the environmental impact of migration on source and destination areas. Independent northsouth child migration as a parental. The extent of migration between developing countries, called southsouth migration, and the issues surrounding it remain poorly understood. Ghana s capital, accra, is one of the fastest growing cities in west africa african development bank group, 2014. Migration is increasingly recognized as a major human. This paper examines irregular southsouth migration from china to ghana, and the role it has played in transforming livelihoods and broader developmental landscapes. Theoretical overview of labour migration in ghana ghanaian migration has increasingly become extraregional, since the decline of nigeria as a major destination for ghanaian migrants in the 1980s. Almost one in every five people born in northern ghana is living in southern ghana.
By paying attention to the effects of gender norms, age, marital status, socioeconomic status, and position in households on womens decisions to migrate, the study illuminates the contradictory ways in which their migration practices are both shaped by and shape gender ideologies in parts of contemporary northern ghana. The methodology used in this study yielded a holistic view of the consequences of migration on the source area as seen through the eyes of the home community. In short, migration is a call for both a policy and programme response at all levels of governance. Increasing population growth in northern ghana is an indication of reduced northsouth migration and. Northsouth migration is potentially a strong instrument for poverty alleviation.
More recently, however, a new dominant northsouth migration. Approximately 200 million people reside outside their home country. Dec 11, 20 in ghana, studies on migration and livelihoods are mostly limited to migrants places of origin. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of northsouth migration in ghana see figure 3. Labour migration in ghana friedrich ebert foundation. Virtually all the ethnic groups in present ghana claim to have. Conditions in ghana at the institute for development studies of the university of cape coast. Challenges and concerns about migration and trafficking in. Ghana launches national migration policy international.
Regional inequality and secondary education in ghana policy brief no 1. A dissertation presented by lynda joyce pickbourn submitted to the graduate school of the university of massachusetts amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy september 2011 department of economics. While rural development and urbanization have led to significant poverty reduction in the south, similar. Health insurance and careseeking behaviours of female. In relation to economically motivated migration, forced migration from ghana is insignificant and has been declining over the past decade. What motivates single women to migrate from northern ghana to. Statement from iom ghana chief of mission migration is a key dimension of both globalization and development and international migration has become one of the foremost development topics of the 21st century. This is the case between the 1910 and 1960 censuses and in the last intercensal period 19842000.
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